Skin cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed types of cancer in Australia. It is caused by abnormal skin cell growth and, if detected early, can often be treated successfully. Given Australia’s high levels of sun exposure, skin cancer is a significant health concern. Understanding the symptoms and early warning signs of skin cancer is essential for preventing serious health complications. If you notice any unusual changes in your skin, it’s critical to consult a skin cancer clinic, such as Station Road Medical Centre, for a comprehensive examination and early intervention.
Understanding Skin Cancer:
Skin cancer can develop from different types of cells in the skin. The most common types are:
❖ Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): This is the most common and least aggressive form of skin cancer. It generally appears as small, shiny, or waxy lumps or growths on sun-exposed areas of the skin.
❖ Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): SCC develops in the squamous cells of the skin and can cause scaly, red patches or lumps. If left untreated, SCC can spread to other parts of the body.
❖ Melanoma: This is the most dangerous form of skin cancer. Melanoma begins in the melanocytes (the cells responsible for skin pigmentation). It can grow quickly and spread to other organs, making it life-threatening if not diagnosed early.
While skin cancer is highly treatable when detected early, being aware of the symptoms and changes to watch for can help you get the treatment you need in a timely manner. Regular self-checks of your skin and professional evaluations are crucial.
Common Symptoms of Skin Cancer:
Skin cancer can present in various ways, depending on the type and stage of the disease. Below are some common symptoms to look out for when examining your skin:
1. Changes in Existing Moles or Freckles:
If you already have moles or freckles, be on the lookout for any changes. Skin cancer, particularly melanoma, often begins in existing moles or growths. Here are the changes that can signal potential skin cancer:
❖ Size Increase: A mole that increases in size, especially if it exceeds 6mm in diameter, could be an indicator of melanoma.
❖ Irregular Borders: Healthy moles typically have smooth, well-defined borders. If the borders become jagged, irregular, or asymmetrical, it could suggest cancerous changes.
❖ Colour Changes: A mole that becomes darker or develops multiple colours (such as shades of brown, black, red, or even white) may indicate melanoma.
❖ Bleeding or Crusting: A mole that begins to bleed, ooze, or form a crust may be cancerous. This is particularly common in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
❖ Itching or Tenderness: If a mole starts to itch, become tender, or feel painful, it could indicate that the cells within the mole are changing. This is a warning sign that shouldn’t be ignored.
If you notice any of these changes, it is important to seek a professional evaluation at a skin cancer clinic Ipswich.
2. New Growths or Lesions on the Skin:
New growths, bumps, or lesions can also indicate skin cancer, especially in individuals with fair skin or a history of sun exposure. Here are some examples of growths that could signal skin cancer:
❖ Shiny, Pearly Bumps: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) often presents as small, shiny, or waxy lumps. These growths may be pink or flesh-toned and are commonly found on areas of the skin frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, or ears.
❖ Red, Scaly Patches: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may appear as raised, rough, or scaly patches that can bleed when scratched. These spots may also be crusty or scabby in appearance.
❖ Dark or Multi-Coloured Spots: Melanoma often appears as dark spots or growths that are asymmetrical and have irregular borders. The colour of melanoma may vary, with shades of black, brown, or even red, blue, or white.
A new growth or spot that looks different from other moles or changes over time should be examined by a healthcare provider at a skin cancer clinic Ipswich.
3. Non-Healing Sores or Ulcers
A sore that does not heal properly is another potential sign of skin cancer. Skin cancer lesions, particularly basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, often start as wounds that refuse to heal. These sores may be itchy, bleed, or form scabs but continue to persist despite proper care. If you have a sore that lasts for more than a few weeks, or one that comes back after healing, it’s essential to get it checked.
4. Itchy, Painful, or Tender Areas
Skin cancers such as melanoma or basal cell carcinoma can cause the affected area to become itchy, painful, or tender. While many moles and growths are painless, some skin cancer lesions can be itchy or even painful to the touch. If a mole or growth becomes suddenly uncomfortable or painful, it could be a sign that it is evolving into something more serious.
5. Changes in Skin Texture
Skin cancer can cause the skin’s texture to change, making it feel rough, scaly, or raised. For example, basal cell carcinoma may present as a raised, bumpy growth with a smooth or waxy appearance, while squamous cell carcinoma may cause a scaly patch of skin that can crack and bleed. If you notice any unusual texture changes in your skin, it’s time to schedule an appointment with a skin cancer clinic Ipswich.
6. Swollen Lymph Nodes or Nearby Tissue Changes
In advanced cases of skin cancer, the cancer can spread to nearby lymph nodes or other tissues. If you experience swollen or tender lymph nodes, particularly in areas close to a suspicious skin lesion (such as in your neck, armpits, or groin), it could indicate that the cancer has spread beyond the skin. Swelling in these areas should be evaluated by a medical professional immediately.
Risk Factors for Skin Cancer
While anyone can develop skin cancer, certain factors can increase your risk. Some of the primary risk factors include:
❖ Excessive Sun Exposure: Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun is the leading cause of skin cancer. People who work outdoors or spend a lot of time in the sun without proper protection are at higher risk.
❖ Fair Skin: People with fair or pale skin, light eyes, and freckles are more likely to develop skin cancer. Those who are more prone to sunburn should be extra cautious.
❖ Family History: A family history of skin cancer may increase your chances of developing it. If your parents or siblings have had skin cancer, you should be especially vigilant.
❖ Previous Skin Cancer: If you have had skin cancer in the past, you are at a higher risk of developing it again. Regular skin checks are essential.
❖ Immune System Suppression: People with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing organ transplants or chemotherapy, are more vulnerable to developing skin cancer.
Early Detection Saves Lives
Skin cancer is highly treatable when detected early, making it essential to keep an eye on your skin and regularly check for any changes. Self-examination of your skin should be done at least once a month, and you should make an appointment with a doctor if you notice any changes.
Regular professional skin checks are also important. A healthcare provider can conduct a thorough skin exam, using special tools like a dermatoscope to get a closer look at suspicious moles and growths. This is particularly important for those with a history of skin cancer or other risk factors.
Skin Cancer Treatment Options
If skin cancer is diagnosed, the treatment plan will depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the cancer. For early-stage skin cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, treatments are generally straightforward and may include options such as:
1. Surgical Excision: The most common treatment for skin cancer involves surgically removing the cancerous tissue along with a small margin of healthy skin to ensure all the cancer cells are gone. This procedure is highly effective for many skin cancers, especially when detected early.
2. Cryotherapy: For smaller or superficial skin cancers, freezing the cancerous cells with liquid nitrogen may be recommended. This procedure causes the cells to die and fall off, leaving healthy skin behind.
3. Topical Treatments: Certain types of skin cancer, particularly superficial basal cell carcinomas, may be treated with topical medications. These creams or ointments, which are applied directly to the skin, can help eliminate abnormal cells without the need for surgery.
4. Radiation Therapy: In cases where surgery is not possible or when the cancer has spread to areas that are difficult to reach, radiation therapy can be used. This treatment uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumours.
5. Immunotherapy or Targeted Therapy: For more advanced skin cancers or melanomas, doctors may recommend treatments such as immunotherapy, which boosts the body’s immune system to fight the cancer, or targeted therapies that specifically target cancer cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissue.
Prevention and Protection
To reduce the risk of skin cancer, follow these preventive measures:
❖ Wear Sunscreen: Always use sunscreen with a high SPF of 30 or higher, and apply it liberally to all exposed skin, including your face, neck, and ears.
❖ Seek Shade: Avoid direct sun exposure during peak UV hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.).
❖ Wear Protective Clothing: Use hats, sunglasses, and long-sleeved clothing to shield your skin from UV rays.
❖ Avoid Tanning Beds: Tanning beds increase your risk of developing skin cancer and should be avoided.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above, do not wait to get medical help. The sooner skin cancer is diagnosed, the easier it is to treat. Make an appointment at Station Road Medical Centre, a leading skin cancer clinic Ipswich, for a comprehensive evaluation.
Contact Us
If you notice any changes to your skin, contact Station Road Medical Centre at (07) 3816 1473 or email us at admin@srmcbooval.com.au for a professional skin cancer check. Early detection can save lives, and we are here to help you every step of the way.
Remember, taking proactive steps to monitor your skin and seeking professional advice is crucial for preventing and detecting skin cancer in its early stages.