Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) refers to a group of skin cancers that primarily include basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Unlike melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancers are typically less aggressive but can still lead to significant health issues if not diagnosed and treated promptly.
In this blog, we will explore the various causes of non-melanoma skin cancer, risk factors, and how you can protect yourself. If you’re concerned about skin cancer, visiting a trusted skin cancer clinic Ipswich can provide you with expert guidance and early detection.
Understanding Non Melanoma Skin Cancer:
Before diving into the causes, it’s important to understand what non-melanoma skin cancer is and why it occurs. Skin cancer happens when abnormal cells begin to grow uncontrollably on the skin. Basal cell carcinoma typically forms in the lower part of the epidermis (the outer skin layer), while squamous cell carcinoma develops in the upper part of the epidermis. Though both types are less likely to spread to other parts of the body compared to melanoma, early detection and treatment are essential to prevent complications.
The Most Common Causes of Non Melanoma Skin Cancer
Non-melanoma skin cancer is primarily caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources, such as tanning beds. However, other factors can also contribute to the development of skin cancer. Let’s explore the primary causes and risk factors for NMSC.
1. Excessive Sun Exposure
One of the most significant risk factors for non-melanoma skin cancer is exposure to UV radiation from the sun. The sun’s rays damage the DNA in skin cells, causing mutations that can lead to uncontrolled cell growth. Over time, repeated exposure to the sun, especially during childhood and adolescence, increases the risk of developing skin cancer later in life.
UV Radiation and Skin Damage
- UV-A Radiation: The longer wavelength UV-A rays penetrate deeper into the skin and are responsible for premature aging and skin damage.
- UV-B Radiation: UV-B rays are responsible for sunburn and can directly damage the DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations and skin cancer.
2. Tanning Beds
While natural sunlight poses a significant risk, artificial sources of UV radiation like tanning beds can be even more dangerous. Tanning beds emit concentrated UV rays that can penetrate the skin more deeply and cause damage at a faster rate. Regular use of tanning beds increases the risk of both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
3. Age and Gender
Age and gender are important risk factors in the development of non-melanoma skin cancer. As people age, their skin becomes more vulnerable to the harmful effects of UV radiation, making older adults more prone to skin cancer. Additionally, men are at a higher risk than women, possibly due to increased outdoor activities or occupational exposure to the sun.
4. Fair Skin Type
Individuals with fair skin, light-colored eyes, and blonde or red hair are more susceptible to skin cancer because they have less melanin in their skin. Melanin is a pigment that helps protect the skin from UV damage, so people with lighter skin types are at a higher risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancer.
5. Weakened Immune System
A weakened immune system, due to medical conditions or immunosuppressive medications, can make the skin more susceptible to the development of non-melanoma skin cancer. People with conditions like HIV/AIDS, organ transplant recipients, or those undergoing chemotherapy may be more vulnerable to skin cancer because their bodies have a reduced ability to repair damaged cells.
6. Family History and Genetics
A family history of skin cancer or genetic conditions like xeroderma pigmentosum (a rare genetic disorder that affects the skin’s ability to repair DNA damage caused by UV exposure) can significantly increase the risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancer. If you have a family member who has had skin cancer, your risk may be higher, even if you take preventive measures.
7. Previous History of Skin Cancer
Having had skin cancer in the past, especially non-melanoma skin cancer, increases the risk of developing it again. People who have had one basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma are more likely to develop additional skin cancers later in life.
8. Chronic Skin Irritation or Scarring
Chronic exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, or persistent skin irritation can lead to an increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer. This includes exposure to industrial chemicals like arsenic, which has been linked to a higher incidence of skin cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma.
How to Reduce Your Risk of Non Melanoma Skin Cancer?
While some risk factors like age and genetics cannot be controlled, there are several steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancer. Here are some key preventive measures:
- Use Sunscreen: Always apply broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher when going outdoors, even on cloudy days. Reapply every two hours and after swimming or sweating.
- Avoid Tanning Beds: Steer clear of tanning beds, which can increase your risk of skin cancer.
- Wear Protective Clothing: Hats, sunglasses, and long sleeves can protect your skin from direct sun exposure.
- Seek Shade: Whenever possible, stay in the shade, especially during peak UV hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.).
- Get Regular Skin Checks: Self-examine your skin monthly and visit your doctor for professional skin checks, especially if you have a family history of skin cancer.
Early Detection Saves Lives
One of the most effective ways to manage the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer is through early detection. If detected early, most cases of NMSC are highly treatable and have a good prognosis. Regular skin checks, either at home or by visiting a skin cancer clinic Ipswich, can help detect suspicious moles or growths before they become problematic.
Symptoms of Non Melanoma Skin Cancer:
It’s crucial to recognize the symptoms of non-melanoma skin cancer early. Look out for the following warning signs:
- Basal Cell Carcinoma: A shiny, waxy, or pearly bump that may bleed or form a crust. It often appears on areas of the skin that are frequently exposed to the sun, like the face, ears, neck, and shoulders.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A firm, red nodule or a flat, scaly lesion that may bleed or ulcerate. SCC is often found on sun-exposed areas, but it can also develop in scars or areas of chronic irritation.
If you notice any unusual growths or changes in your skin, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately.
When to Visit a Skin Cancer Clinic Ipswich?
If you are concerned about skin cancer, visiting a professional skin cancer clinic Ipswich is a great step toward early detection and treatment. The clinic offers thorough skin cancer checks, expert advice, and various treatment options, including biopsies and removal of suspicious lesions.
Contact Us Today
If you have any concerns about your skin or need to schedule a skin check-up, contact Station Road Medical Centre today. Our experienced team of professionals is dedicated to your skin health and providing the best care possible.
- Email: admin@srmcbooval.com.au
- Phone: (07) 3816 1473
Stay proactive about your skin health. Regular checks and preventive measures can make a significant difference in the early detection and successful treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer. Reach out to us today for more information or to book an appointment.